Diseñar un sistema que permita optimizar la distribución de planta de una fábrica de producción de cerveza artesanal

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el objetivo de proponer un diseño de planta que mejore la distribución. Esta propuesta tiene la finalidad de optimizar la distribución de planta en la fabricación de cerveza artesanal a fin de que cualquier empresa dedicada a este rubro tenga una idea genérica del cómo debe ordenar o ubicar sus áreas, equipos y máquinas teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo del proceso de producción. Para obtener detalles sobre las ocurrencias en el proceso productivo de la cerveza artesanal se realizó el empleo de instrumentos de investigación como la encuesta y la observación. Se realizó una encuesta al personal involucrado en el proceso productivo, además se realizó una observación directa a todas las áreas de la planta de cerveza. Los resultados de la observación muestran que el diseño de planta de cerveza artesanal es un diseño genérico que ofrecen algunas empresas metalmecánicas del rubro alimentos, estas no se ajustan correctamente al proceso. Por el lado de las encuestas se determina que los involucrados tienen ocasionalmente inconvenientes con el proceso productivo causado por un diseño inadecuado. Para obtener la propuesta del diseño, previamente se evaluaron múltiples factores. Se estudiaron los principales tipos de metodologías para el diseño de planta, determinando ventajas y beneficios de cada una. Llegando a la conclusión que el mejor método sería un método híbrido, es decir, un nuevo método que une las características de diferentes métodos, en este caso se empleará un método cuantitativo y cualitativo, los cuáles hacen referencia a la aplicación del método de Guerchet y el método SLP (Systematic Layout Planning) respectivamente.Trabajo de investigaciónCampus Lima Centr

Calibration and validation of an aerodynamic method to estimate the spatial variability of sensible and latent heat fluxes over a drip irrigated Merlot vineyard

A study was carried out to calibrate and validate the aerodynamic temperature method for estimating the spatial variability of the sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes over a drip-irrigated merlot vineyard located in the Maule Region, in Chile. For this study, measurement of energy balance components and meteorological data were collected from the 2006 to 2010 growing seasons. The experimental plot was composed of a 4.25 ha of ‘Merlot’ vineyard, which was equipped with an Eddy- Covariance system and an automatic weather station. The k-fold cross-validation method was utilized to tune and validate a vineyard surface aerodynamic temperature (Taero) model, considering all of the days when Landsat scenes and ground measurements of meteorological data and surface energy balance (SEB) were available. Then, the satellite-based estimations of Taero were utilized to calculate the surface aerodynamic resistance (rah) and, subsequently, heat fluxes of H and LE. Results indicated that the estimated H and rah values were not significantly different to those measured in the vineyard (95% significance level) showing a root mean square (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) between 34–29 W m−2 and 1.01–0.78 s m−1, respectively. Satellite-based computations of LE were somewhat higher than those measured at the time of satellite overpass (RMSE = 63 W m−2; MAE = 56 W m−2), presumably due to the biases embedded in the net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G) computations. The proposed SEB method based on Taero is very simple to implement, presenting similar accuracies on ET mapping to those computed by complex satellitebased models.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

SHADE EXPLAINS Hovenia dulcis Thunb. INVASIVENESS IN SUBTROPICAL FOREST FRAGMENTS: A MICROCOSM EXPERIMENT

Hovenia dulcis is a non-native species with high capacity for invasion in subtropical forest fragments. In this study we used a greenhouse experiment simulating field abiotic and biotic conditions to investigate the germination and growth to determine the mechanisms associated with the high invasion potential of this species. We evaluated the effects of abiotic factors (light) and biotic factors (litter mass and litter type) on ecophysiological parameters: germination (GR), initial establishment (RR and ER) and shoot and root growth in a greenhouse experiment. Interactions between factors were compared using GLM, to select the best model and the factors that influence each parameter evaluated. GR, RR and ER were negative influenced by light intensities, when the low intensity presents more germination and establishment of individuals than intermediate intensity. Additionally, shoot height and root length were negatively influenced by the light intensity with a higher stem elongation in low light intensities. We found no interactions between the abiotic and biotic conditions tested. However, when evaluated individually, germination, establishment and growth were better in low light conditions regardless of the litter mass and litter type. These results challenge the classification of H. dulcis as an intolerant shade species.Hovenia dulcis is a non-native species in Southern Brazil with high capacity for invasion in subtropical forest fragments. In this study we used a greenhouse experiment simulating field abiotic and biotic conditions to investigate the germination and initial growth to determine the mechanisms associated with the high invasion potential of this species. We evaluated the effects of abiotic factors (light) and biotic factors (litter mass and litter type) on demographic parameters: germination (GR), recruitment rate (RR) and establishment (ER) and initial growth traits (stem height, SH; root length, RL and root:shoot ratio, R:S) in a greenhouse experiment. Interactions between factors were compared using GLM, to select the best model and the factors that influence each parameter evaluated. GR, RR, and ER were influenced by light intensities. GR, ER and RR were higher in low light. The initial growth was influenced by light and litter quality. Higher SH and R:S ratio was observed in low light. Additionally, stem and root growth were higher in exotic litter.  These results evidence the strategies of establishment and initial growth of H. dulcis in the colonization of shaded environments.

A versatile wearable based on reconfigurable hardware for biomedical measurements

In this work a versatile hardware platform based on reconfigurable devices is presented. This platform it intended for the acquisition of multiple biosignals, only requiring a reconfiguration to switch applications. This prototype has been combined with graphene-based, flexible electrodes to cover the application to different biosignals presented in this paper, which are electrocardiogram, electrooculogram and electromyogram. The features of this system provide to the user and to medical personnel a complete set of diagnosis tools, available both at home and hospitals, to be used as a triage tool and for remote patient monitoring. Additionally, an Android application has been developed for signal processing and data presentation to the user. The results obtained demonstrate the wide range of possibilities in portable/wearable applications of the combination of reconfigurable devices and flexible electronics, especially for the remote monitoring of patients using multiple biosignals of interest. The versatility of this device makes it a complete set of monitoring tools integrated in a reduced size device

Further Mulinane and Azorellane Diterpenoids Isolated from Mulinum crassifolium and Azorella compacta

The new mulinane diterpenoids 1 and 2 were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Mulinum crassifolium, while the rearranged mulinane 5, which was isolated for the first time from a natural source, was isolated from Azorella compacta. Compounds 1–2 were prepared by semi-synthesis thorough acetylation of the diterpene 17-acetoxymulinic acid (3). A mechanism of reaction was proposed, while the structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and computational methods

Spatial characterization of climatic variables for Arica-Parinacota and Tarapacá, Chile using topoclimatic analysis

In the present study, models were developed to determine the monthly and annual spatio-temporal variation of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation based on topoclimatic analysis of Arica-Parinacota and Tarapacá in northern Chile. To construct the equations of the topoclimatic model, the data from meteorological stations and physiographic factors (latitude, longitude, altitude, and distance to bodies of water) obtained from a digital terrain model with a resolution of 90 m were compiled in a database. The equations of the topoclimatic model were generated by a stepwise regression with a backward selection technique. The equations for average monthly temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation were determined by linear combinations. The results were statistically significant with coefficients of determination greater than 90%, in addition to being greater than the existing climate databases for this area

El significado psicológico de ciudadano , PRI y FOX

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer el significado psicológico de "ciudadano" entre universitarios. Se trabajó con una muestra de 60 sujetos, distribuidos equitativamente por sexo. Las aplicaciones fueron grupales, utilizando la técnica de las redes semánticas naturales (Figueroa, González y Solís, 1981; Valdez, 1998). Los resultados obtenidos permiten observar de manera general que la tendencia de los grupos, al definir al ciudadano, fue con base en muchos elementos que giran en torno de él, pero que no necesariamente hablan de sus derechos y obligaciones. Por tanto, lo encontrado difiere de las propuestas idealistas de algunos autores, como el pensar que el ciudadano vive en sociedad buscando ayudarse los unos a los otros, lo cual, al parecer, sigue siendo una utopía

Portable Instrument for Hemoglobin Determination Using Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Carbon Dots

A portable reconfigurable platform for hemoglobin determination based on inner filter quenching of room-temperature phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) in the presence of H2O2 is described. The electronic setup consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) as the carbon dot optical exciter and a photodiode as a light-to-current converter integrated in the same instrument. The reconfigurable feature provides adaptability to use the platform as an analytical probe for CDs coming from different batches with some variations in luminescence characteristics. The variables of the reaction were optimized, such as pH, concentration of reagents, and response time; as well as the variables of the portable device, such as LED voltage, photodiode sensitivity, and adjustment of the measuring range by a reconfigurable electronic system. The portable device allowed the determination of hemoglobin with good sensitivity, with a detection limit of 6.2 nM and range up to 125 nM.MINECO (Spain) CTQ2016-78754-C2-1-REuropean Union (EU

Adaptable register file organization for vector processors

Contemporary Vector Processors (VPs) are de-signed either for short vector lengths, e.g., Fujitsu A64FX with 512-bit ARM SVE vector support, or long vectors, e.g., NEC Aurora Tsubasa with 16Kbits Maximum Vector Length (MVL1). Unfortunately, both approaches have drawbacks. On the one hand, short vector length VP designs struggle to provide high efficiency for applications featuring long vectors with high Data Level Parallelism (DLP). On the other hand, long vector VP designs waste resources and underutilize the Vector Register File (VRF) when executing low DLP applications with short vector lengths. Therefore, those long vector VP implementations are limited to a specialized subset of applications, where relatively high DLP must be present to achieve excellent performance with high efficiency. Modern scientific applications are getting more diverse, and the vector lengths in those applications vary widely. To overcome these limitations, we propose an Adaptable Vector Architecture (AVA) that leads to having the best of both worlds. AVA is designed for short vectors (MVL=16 elements) and is thus area and energy-efficient. However, AVA has the functionality to reconfigure the MVL, thereby allowing to exploit the benefits of having a longer vector of up to 128 elements microarchitecture when abundant DLP is present. We model AVA on the gem5 simulator and evaluate AVA performance with six applications taken from the RiVEC Benchmark Suite. To obtain area and power consumption metrics, we model AVA on McPAT for 22nm technology. Our results show that by reconfiguring our small VRF (8KB) plus our novel issue queue scheme, AVA yields a 2X speedup over the default configuration for short vectors. Additionally, AVA shows competitive performance when compared to a long vector VP, while saving 50% of area.Research reported in this publication is partially supported by CONACyT Mexico under Grant No. 472106, the Spanish State Research Agency - Ministry of Science and Innovation (contract PID2019-107255GB), and the European Union Regional Development Fund within the framework of the ERDF Operational Program of Catalonia 2014-2020 with a grant of 50% of the total cost eligible, under the DRAC project [001-P-001723].Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Parameterization of the Satellite-Based Model (METRIC) for the Estimation of Instantaneous Surface Energy Balance Components over a Drip-Irrigated Vineyard

A study was carried out to parameterize the METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) model for estimating instantaneous values of albedo (shortwave albedo) (αi), net radiation (Rni) and soil heat flux (Gi), sensible (Hi) and latent heat (LEi) over a drip-irrigated Merlot vineyard (location: 35°25′ LS; 71°32′ LW; 125 m.a.s. (l). The experiment was carried out in a plot of 4.25 ha, processing 15 Landsat images, which were acquired from 2006 to 2009. An automatic weather station was placed inside the experimental plot to measure αi, Rni and Gi. In the same tower an Eddy Covariance (EC) system was mounted to measure Hi and LEi. Specific sub-models to estimate Gi, leaf area index (LAI) and aerodynamic roughness length for momentum transfer (zom) were calibrated for the Merlot vineyard as an improvement to the original METRIC model. Results indicated that LAI, zom and Gi were estimated using the calibrated functions with errors of 4%, 2% and 17%, while those were computed using the original functions with errors of 58%, 81%, and 5%, respectively. At the time of satellite overpass, comparisons between measured and estimated values indicated that METRIC overestimated αi in 21% and Rni in 11%. Also, METRIC using the calibrated functions overestimated Hi and LEi with errors of 16% and 17%, respectively while it using the original functions overestimated Hi and LEi with errors of 13% and 15%, respectively. Finally, LEi was estimated with root mean square error (RMSE) between 43 and 60 W·m−2 and mean absolute error (MAE) between 35 and 48 W·m−2 for both calibrated and original functions, respectively. These results suggested that biases observed for instantaneous pixel-by-pixel values of Rni, Gi and other intermediate components of the algorithm were presumably absorbed into the computation of sensible heat flux as a result of the internal self-calibration of METRIC